miércoles, 18 de mayo de 2016

sintaxis del lenguaje ensambldor

La sintaxis del lenguaje ensamblador
Nombre de la instrucción Operando 1, Operando 2, Operando 3, Operando 4, ...
El nombre de la instrucción está formada por 2 o 3 letras, los operandos pueden ser registros, constantes o direcciones de memoria. La cantidad de operandos dependerá de la instrucción.
Por ejemplo:
MOV AL, [1000]
Esta instrucción indica que se copie el valor de la porción de la memoria que esté en la ubicación 1000 (En hexadecimal) a la parte baja del registro AX (AL). Cuando un operando es un valor de una dirección de memoria, ésta dirección se escribe entre corchetes, recordar que el operando 1 es el destino y el operando 2 es el origen. Y cuando es una constante dependerá del ensamblador, en el caso del debug (Un programa que sirve para crear y editar aplicaciones que viene con el DOS) se interpretarán como hexadecimales, en los siguientes ejemplos se interpretará que las constantes son números hexadecimales.

Instrucciones básicas:
La CPU x86 tiene 14 registros internos y básicos. Algunos son realmente de 32 bits pero por ahora se utilizará el modo real que es compatible con el procesador 8086 (igualmente accesibles a la parte alta de éstos registros, inclusive en el modo real). Los registros son los siguientes (estos registros son de 16 bits nombrados de la siguiente manera, a excepción del registro de banderas).
Registros de uso general
·         AX: Acumulador (AL:AH)
·         BX: Registro base (BL:BH)
·         CX: Registro contador (CL:CH)
·         DX: Registro de datos (DL:DH)
Registros de segmento (Solo se pueden usar para los usos mencionados a excepción de ES)
·         DS: Registro del segmento de datos
·         ES: Registro del segmento extra
·         SS: Registro del segmento de pila
·         CS: Registro del segmento de código
Registros punteros (También pueden tener uso general)
·         BP: Registro de apuntadores base
·         SI: Registro índice fuente
·         DI: Registro ìndice destino
Registros especiales (Solo se pueden usar para los usos mencionados)
·         SP: Registro apuntador de la pila
·         IP: Registro apuntador de la siguiente instrucción
·         F: Registro de banderas (8 bits)
La parte baja del registro AX se llama AL y la parte alta AH. La parte baja del registro BX se llama BL y la parte alta BH, y también ocurre lo mismo con el registro CX y DX.
Bits del registro de banderas
Overflow
·         NV (Apagado): No hay desbordamiento
·         OV (Encendido): Si lo hay
Direction
·         UP: Hacia adelante
·         DN: Hacia atras
Interrupts
·         DI: Desactivadas
·         EI: Activadas
Sign
·         PL: Positivo
·         NG: Negativo
Zero
·         NZ: No es cero
·         ZR: Si lo es
Auxilary carry
·         NA: No hay acarreo auxiliar
·         AC: Hay acarreo auxiliar
Parity
·         PO: Impar
·         PE: Paridad par
Carry
·         NC: No hay acarreo
·         CY: Si lo hay


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cuadro comparativo de chipset





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cuadro comparativo de computadoras

Dell Inspiron15.6-inch HD Premium High Performance Touchscreen
$ 15,79900

Display: 15.6 in HD LED touchscreen (1366 x 768), 10-finger multi-touch support
Processor:: AMD Quad-Core A10-8700P 1.80 GHz with Turbo up to 3.20 GHz
Memory:: 8GB DDR3L 1600 MHz
Hard drive size: 1TB 5400 RPM HDD
Operating system: Windows 10 Home, 64-bit
Optical drive: DVD +/- RW
Media Card Reader: SD card reader
Audio: Waves MaxxAudio Pro
Video: AMD Radeon R6 with shared graphics memory
Bluetooth: Bluetooth 4.0
Wireless: 802.11b/g/n (Miracast enabled)
Keyboard & Touchpad: Backlit keyboard • Precision touchpad
Ports: 1 USB 3.0 • 2 USB 2.0 • HDMI • Headphone output/Microphone input combo • LAN (10/100)
WebCam: Integrated webcam
Battery: 4-cell lithium-ion*
Dimensions: 14.96 x 10.25 x 0.95 in (379.98 x 260.40 x 24.05 mm)
Weight: 5.34 lbs (2.42 kg)
Color: Silver

Screen Size
15.6 inches
Max Screen Resolution
1366 x 768
Processor
1.8 GHz AMD A Series
RAM
8 GB DDR3 SDRAM
Hard Drive
1 TB mechanical_hard_drive
Graphics Coprocessor
Radeon
Card Description
dedicated
Wireless Type
802.11bgn
Number of USB 2.0 Ports
2
Other Technical Details
Brand Name
Dell
Series
Inspiron
Item model number
Inspiron
Hardware Platform
PC
Operating System
Windows 10
Item Weight
5.3 pounds
Product Dimensions
15 x 10 x 2 inches
Item Dimensions L x W x H
15 x 10 x 2 inches
Color
Silver
Processor Brand
AMD
Processor Count
4
Computer Memory Type
DDR3 SDRAM
Hard Drive Interface
Serial ATA
Hard Drive Rotational Speed
5400 RPM
Audio-out Ports (#)
1
Power Source
AC & Battery
Shipping Weight
7.2 pounds
Date First Available
March 9, 2016

















Asus 13.3 inch HD Premium Built Chromebook

$ 7,91328
Color:
Red
Processor & Memory: 
Intel® Celeron® Processor N2840 2.16 GHz (1M Cache, up to 2.58 GHz)
2GB 1333 MHz DDR3L system memory, expandable to 4GB
Operating System: 
Google Chrome OS
Drives:
16GB eMMC flash memory
This Chromebook does not include a built-in DVD/CD drive.
Graphics & Video: 
13.3 inches High Definition LED-Backlit Display (1366x768)
Intel HD Graphics
Communications:
Next-generation wireless connectivity
Bluetooth 4.0 interface syncs with compatible devices
Built-in 1.0MP webcam with digital microphone
Audio: 
Built-in stereo speakers
Ports & Slots:
1x USB 3.0
1x USB 2.0
1x HDMI-Out
1x VGA Port
1x Headphone output/Microphone input combo
Built-in media reader for simple photo transfer
Battery:
3-cell lithium ion battery
Additional Information:
Dimensions: 12.95 x 9.06 x 0.87"
Approximate Weight: 3.11 lbs

Screen Size
13.3 inches
Screen Resolution
1366x768
Processor
2.16 GHz Intel Celeron
RAM
2 GB DDR3 SDRAM
Hard Drive
16 GB EMMC
Graphics Coprocessor
Intel Integrated Graphics
Chipset Brand
Intel
Card Description
integrated
Wireless Type
802.11 A/C
Brand Name
Asus
Series
ASUS-C300MA
Hardware Platform
PC
Operating System
Chrome OS
Item Weight
3.1 pounds
Product Dimensions
12.9 x 9.1 x 0.9 inches
Item Dimensions L x W x H
12.95 x 9.06 x 0.87 inches
Color
red
Processor Brand
Intel® Celeron® Processor N2840 2.16 GHz
Processor Count
2
Computer Memory Type
DDR3 SDRAM
Shipping Weight
6 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Date First Available
March 23, 2016







 

 

Toshiba Satellite Radius 11.6" 2-in-1 Touchscreen Convertible



$ 11,99900
Color: 
Satin Gold
Processor & Memory: 
Intel Pentium N3700 1.60 GHz with Intel Burst Technology up to 2.40 GHz
4GB DDR3L 1600 MHz
Operating System: 
Windows 10 Home, 64-bit
Drives: 
500GB 5400 RPM HDD
No Optical Drive
Graphics & Video: 
11.6 in LED touchscreen (1366 x 768), 10-finger multi-touch support
Intel HD Graphics with shared graphics memory
Communications: 
Wireless-B, Wireless-G, Wireless-N
Bluetooth 4.0
Built-in HD webcam with TruTalk dual microphones
Audio: 
Integrated Audio Processing
Ports & Slots: 
1x USB 3.0
1x USB 2.0
1x HDMI-Out
1x SD card reader
1x Headphone output/Microphone input combo
Battery: 
2-cell lithium-ion battery, 45W AC adapter
Additional Information: 
Dimensions: 11.40 x 7.80 x 0.83 in
Approximate Weight: 2.9 lbs
Screen Size
11.6 inches
Max Screen Resolution
1366 x 768
Processor
2.66 GHz Pentium
RAM
4 GB DDR3 SDRAM
Hard Drive
500 GB HDD 5400 rpm
Graphics Coprocessor
Intel Integrated Graphics
Card Description
integrated
Brand Name
Toshiba
Series
Satellite Radius 11.6
Item model number
Satellite Radius 11.6
Hardware Platform
PC
Operating System
Windows 10
Item Weight
2.9 pounds
Product Dimensions
11.4 x 7.8 x 0.8 inches
Item Dimensions L x W x H
11.4 x 7.8 x 0.83 inches
Color
Satin Gold
Processor Brand
Intel Pentium N3700
Processor Count
4
Computer Memory Type
DDR3 SDRAM
Hard Drive Interface
Serial ATA
Hard Drive Rotational Speed
5400 RPM
Power Source
AC
Shipping Weight
4.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Date First Available
February 25, 2016

















 Dell Inspiron i3252 Premium Mini Desktop PC


 $ 14,29100

Product Description

Processor: Intel Pentium Processor N3700 (2M Cache, up to 2.40 GHz)
Operating System: Windows 10 Home 64bit English
Memory: 8GB Single Channel DDR3L 1600MHz (8GBx1)
Hard Drive Configuration: 1TB 7.2k HDD [1TB 7200 rpm Hard Drive]
Video Card: Intel® HD Integrated Graphics
Optical Drive: DVDRW Optical drive
Rear Ports: 4 USB 2.0, VGA, HDMI
Front Ports: 2 USB 3.0
Slots: 5:1 Micro Card Reader, DIMM Slot
Chassis: Black with Silver Trim.
Dimensions: 290mm x 92.6mm x 292mm / 11.42" x 3.65" x 11.5" inch
Starting Weight: 3.92kg /8.64 lbs
Sound Card: Integrated 5.1 Channel with Wave MaxxAudio Pro (Windows)
Wireless: 802.11bgn + Bluetooth 4.0, 2.4 GHz, 1x1
Keyboard: Dell KB216 Wired Keyboard English Black
Mouse: Dell MS116 Wired Mouse Black
Processor
1.6 GHz Pentium
RAM
8 GB
Hard Drive
1 TB HDD 7200 rpm
Graphics Coprocessor
Intel Integrated Graphics
Card Description
integrated
Wireless Type
802.11bgn, Bluetooth
Number of USB 2.0 Ports
4
Other Technical Details
Brand Name
Dell
Series
Inspiron i3252
Item model number
Inspiron i3252
Hardware Platform
PC
Operating System
Windows 10
Item Weight
8.6 pounds
Product Dimensions
11.4 x 11.5 x 3.6 inches
Item Dimensions L x W x H
11.42 x 11.5 x 3.65 inches
Color
Black with Silver Trim
Processor Brand
Intel
Processor Count
4
Computer Memory Type
DDR3 SDRAM
Hard Drive Interface
Serial ATA
Power Source
AC
Shipping Weight
11.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Date First Available
April 4, 2016













Lenovo ThinkCentre Tiny 

 $ 8,92000
Graphics:Intel HD Graphics 
Front Ports: Two USB 3.0 (one is Always On and fast charge), one microphone (stereo, 3.5mm), one headphone / microphone combo jack (stereo, 3.5mm)
Rear Ports: Two USB 2.0, two USB 3.0, ethernet (RJ-45), two Display Ports
Optical Drive: None
Wireless: Intel 8260 802.11 AC Wifi
Operating System: Windows 7 Professional x64 with upgrade to Windows 10 x64
Power Supply: 65 Watts 
Processor
1.6 GHz Pentium
RAM
8 GB DDR3 1600
Memory Speed
1600 MHz
Hard Drive
120 GB
Graphics Coprocessor
Intel Integrated Graphics
Card Description
integrated
Wireless Type
802.11 A/C

Brand Name
Computer Upgrade King
Series
M53
Item model number
M600
Hardware Platform
PC
Operating System
Windows 7 Professional x64
Item Weight
2.9 pounds
Product Dimensions
7 x 7.2 x 1.4 inches
Item Dimensions L x W x H
7.05 x 7.2 x 1.36 inches
Processor Brand
Intel
Processor Count
4
Computer Memory Type
DDR3 SDRAM
Hard Drive Interface
Solid State
Date First Available
April 8, 2016

 

 

 

HP Pavilion 550st Desktop PC

 $ 6,00000
Specifications:
Ports: 2 x USB 3.0, 2 x USB 2.0, 7-in-1 Media Card Reader
Wireless: 802.11 B/G/N + Bluetooth 4.0
Operating System: Windows 10 Home x64
Peripherals: HP USB Volume Control Keyboard and USB Optical Mouse Included
Processor
3.4 GHz Intel Core i7
RAM
16 GB DDR3 1600
Memory Speed
1600 MHz
Hard Drive
2000 GB
Card Description
integrated
Wireless Type
802.11bgn
Other Technical Details
Brand Name
Computer Upgrade King
Series
550st
Item model number
550st
Hardware Platform
PC
Operating System
Windows 10 Home x64
Item Weight
20.4 pounds
Product Dimensions
14.9 x 14.3 x 6.5 inches
Item Dimensions L x W x H
14.88 x 14.33 x 6.5 inches
Color
Red
Processor Brand
Intel
Processor Count
4
Computer Memory Type
DDR3 SDRAM
Hard Drive Interface
Serial ATA
Date First Available
April 21, 2016


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